Knowledge management events mainly focus on “knowledge” as the subjects. If you want to manage the knowledge properly, you must understand and grasp the knowledge creation mode. “Managing the Fields of Knowledge” written by Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka (In Taiwan, Yuan Liou Bookstore translated the title as The Knowledge-Creating Company). In the book, it mentions the “knowledge spiral” concept. The contents are briefly described below:  
 

Knowledge spiral chart

1. Mutualization
Transforms all the knowledge using the tacit method. For example, chefs use food samples to instruct new chefs. After a certain period of time, they understand the temperature, ingredients, and related skills required to cook dishes. Enterprises often use the “Mentor-protégé system.” It is the typical “mutualization” method. As the Chinese proverb says, “The teacher introduces you to the field, and you have to master his teaching.” 

2.Externalization 
Displays tacit knowledge through words. For example, if culinary teaching uses the “mutualization” method, you need to spend a long time to reach the goal. Therefore, you can record and organize some of the explicit knowledge, and turn them it into recipes, thus you can shorten the learning time. There are many experienced teachers or senior employees in enterprises. Sometimes they will record the trial and errors, key points, and notices in little notebooks in order to solve work difficulties. These notebooks are externalized by individuals, and are precious “Martial arts secrets.”

3.Integration
Transforming diverse explicit knowledge using appropriate methods into new knowledge is called “integration.” For example, all the main characters in martial arts novels need to have strong skills, in order to be the masters of the martial arts world. Because a move prevails over another, and if you rely on only one martial art, it is not easy to defeat all the other masters. In enterprises, there are also experts from different professional fields. Together they form an elite team to solve the problems or reach certain goals. There will be a lot of sparks of wisdom along the way, forming new knowledge. This is considered “integration.” 

4.Internalization
If you master the explicit knowledge, it becomes tacit knowledge. This is considered “internalization.” For example, in the martial arts novel, when Chang Wu Chi learned Tai Chi from Master Chi Tai, he kept practicing until he forgot all of his moves, that is real learning. Because “spirit” is important, not “form.” Likewise, during our learning process, we will continue to train and experience, and finally master all the techniques, and use them naturally. This knowledge creating procedure is called “internalization.”